RT – LEVEL 2

Level 2 RT

1 / 25

The film processing step in which the undeveloped silver bromide is removed from the film emulsion is called:

Development

Stop bath

Fixing

Rinsing

2 / 25

As the development time increases:

The characteristics curve grows steeper and moves to the left

The characteristics curve grows steeper and moves to the right

The characteristic curve remains the same in shape but moves to the left

There is little effect on the characteristic curve

3 / 25

When sharp, black, bird-food shaped marks which are known not to correspond with any discontinuities appear at random on radiographs, they are probably caused by:

Prolonged development in old developer

Exposure of the film by natural cosmic ray showers during storage

Static charges caused by friction

Inadequate rinsing after fixing

4 / 25

The quantity of radiation which will produce, by means of ionization, one electrostatic unit of electricity is 0.001293 gram of dry air is known as a:

Millicurie

Gamma

Roentgen

Curie

5 / 25

Higher X-ray tube voltages result in:

Shorter wavelength X-rays

Less penetrating X-rays

Fewer X-rays in the primary beam

All of the above

6 / 25

The average energy of a T3-170 source is approximately:

60-80 keV

660 keV

120 keV

1.2MeV

7 / 25

If the required exposure time for a 2220 GNq (60 curie) I-192 source is 2 minutes, what exposure time would be required at 1110 GBq (30 curie)source?

2/3 minutes

60 minutes

2 minutes

4 minutes

8 / 25

For a given change in the radiation exposure, film contrast is the inherent ability to show:

A difference in density

No graininess

Graininess

No appreciable change in density

9 / 25

When X-rays, gamma rays, light, or electrons strike the photographic emulsion, a change takes place in the silver halide crystals. This change is called:

Photographic density

Photographic sensitivity

Latent image

Characteristic curve

10 / 25

A radiograph is made using film X with an exposure of 10 mA-min. Film density obtained in the area of interest is 1.0. If it is desired to achieve a density of 2.0 in the area of interest, what exposure is required? (Log relative exposure = 1.1. for a density of 1.0 and 1.62 for a density of 2.0)

41.67 mA-min

10 mA-min

12.6 mA-min

33.17 mA-min

11 / 25

The activity of the fixer diminishes after being used for a period of time because of the:

Active ingredients evaporate

Active ingredients are absorbed by the radiograph

Fixer solution accumulates soluble silver salts

Active ingredients settle to the bottom of the tank

12 / 25

With respect to quality, what three factors must be considered in selecting a source-to-film distance?

Source activity, type of film, type of screens

Source activity, size of film, thickness of material

Source size, source activity, specimen-to-film distance

Source size, specimen thickness, geometric unsharpness

13 / 25

Which of the following technique variables is most commonly used to adjust subject contrast?

Source-to-film distance

Milliamperage

Kilovoltage

Focal point size

14 / 25

In order to increase latitude so that thick and thin portions may be radiographed at reasonable viewing densities simultaneously:

Fluorescent screens should be employed

Lead screens should be at least 5 mm thick

The cassette may be loaded with two separate films of different speeds

Radiograph the object at low energy

15 / 25

A lead sheet containing a pinhole may be placed halfway between the X-ray tube and the film in order to:

Determine the approximate size of the focal spot

Measure the intensity of the central ray

Filter scatter radiation

Soften the X-radiation

16 / 25

A linear accelerator is used to produce X-rays having energy in the range of:

Several MeV

50-500 keV

500-1000 keV

0-50 keV

17 / 25

Constant agitation of the developer during the development process by means of mechanical stirrers or circulating pumps may:

Speed the developing cycle

Help replenish the developer

Cause undesirable, preferential flow of developer along certain paths

Cause reticulation

18 / 25

The range of the thickness over which densities are obtained that are satisfactory for interpretation is a measure of the:

Subject contrast of a radiograph

Sensitivity of a radiograph

Latitude of a radiograph

Definition of a radiograph

19 / 25

The ability of a material to block or partially block the passage of X-ray and gamma rays is called:

Penetration

Absolution

Absorption

Latitude

20 / 25

Filters placed between the X-ray tube and specimen tend to reduce scatter radiation undercutting the specimen by:

Absorbing the longer wavelength components of the primary beam

Absorbing the shorter wavelength components of the primary beam

Absorbing backscatter radiation

Decreasing the intensity of the beam

21 / 25

Approximately how long would it take for a 370 Gigabecquerel (10 Curie) Cobalt-60 source to decay to 93 Gigabecquerel (2.5 Curie)?

5.3 days

5.3 years

10.6 years

None of the above

22 / 25

The focal spot in an X-ray tube:

Is inclined at an angle of 30 degrees from the normal to the tube axis

Is maintained at a high negative voltage during operations

Should be as large as possible to ensure and narrow beam of primary radiation

Should be as small as possible without unduly shortening the life of the tube

23 / 25

Radiographic enlargement to distinguish small defects is possible:

Only with a very small source or focal spot size radiation source

Routinely

With most sources

Never

24 / 25

The reason the exposure time must be increased by a factor of four when the source-to-film distance is doubles is that:

The intensity of radiation decreases at an exponential rate when the source-to-film distance is increased

The quality of radiation is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance from the source to the film

The intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source to the film

The scattered radiation effect is greater as the source-to-film distance increases

25 / 25

Which of the following would be detrimental to radiographic image sharpness?

Small focal spot

Small film focal distance

Small object to film distance

None of the above

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